Reasons for Women’s Vanity Essay Example

Reasons for Women’s Vanity Essay Example Reasons for Women’s Vanity Essay Reasons for Women’s Vanity Essay This seems to be the trend nowadays because of the role of women in the professional field which is continuously changing. Efforts to dismantle former barriers to opportunities and old misconceptions based on gender stereotypes give way to more objective and unbiased view of professional women. Yet the adage that women have to work twice as hard and perform twice as better than men in order to be accorded the same recognition and respect still holds true in several occasions.Just recently, academes and professionals alike observed the considerably low number of women relative to men in the areas of sciences and engineering. Studies regarding this disparity have been conducted, theories have been proposed. And in the end, everything is traced back to the old issues that have been plaguing aspiring and ambitious women. These issues emphasize women’s gender as a debilitating attribute not because women are inherently inferior but because the once male-dominated structural systems of education and workplace viewed them as such.Nevertheless, along with the realization of the remaining subtle inequality towards women comes the effort to finally close the gap and hence tap the promising talent and skills that women have to offer in the field of science and engineering. Women Power During Tough Times After World War II, particularly during the 60s and 70s, the women’s movement was revitalized. The National Organization for Women was formed in 1966. This organization fought not just for the equality of men and women in the fields of employment, education and others, but also a national change in gender thinking and gender roles.They lobbied and were successful in enacting laws that prohibited discrimination of any form to women in any field, especially that of education, employment and credit access. This movement coincided with the Afro-American race revolution that advocates the equality among men and women, with no discrimination between races or ethnic origins (Women’s Movement 386; Women’s Rights Movement 109; Feminism and Women’s Studies The Women’s Movement). In addition, the sexual revolution of the 60s fought for women’s reproductive rights.The Pill became available during this time. The Pill, though, wasn’t originally sold to single women, but was only sold to married women. There were issues of safe, accessible, and affordable contraception and women also voiced out these concerns (Dellolio ch 10; Feminism and Women’s Studies The Women’s Movement). In his administration, President Roosevelt created multiple programs to give relief, create jobs, and stimulate economic recovery for the U. S and labeled these programs alphabet soup as well as the New Deal (Gupta and Lee 1996 New Deal Programs).Roosevelt’s New Deal also refers to the first biggest government investment in cultural development (Adams and Goldbard 1986 New Deal Cultural Programs). He introduced this program in the 1930s in the hope of restoring cultural advancement in the country, and at the same time to ease unemployment during the Great Depression. One New Deal Program was the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) that funded environmental conservation work programs for 8,500 women. Many of his programs antagonized laissez faire groups, who believed that the market should freely operate on its own so that they will fully progress, without government intrusions.

When Shortening Synchronize, Best Leave Off the h

When Shortening Synchronize, Best Leave Off the h When Shortening â€Å"Synchronize,† Best Leave Off the â€Å"h† When Shortening â€Å"Synchronize,† Best Leave Off the â€Å"h† By Maeve Maddox Computer users are often concerned with synchronizing their various programs and machines. The process is so common that the three-syllable word synchronize is usually shortened to its first syllable. The one-syllable shortening has become so acceptable that both the OED and Merriam-Webster have entries for it. Both sync and synch are given as spellings, and a browser search indicates that both forms are in about equal use: How to Synch Outlook How to Synch Google Calendar with a SmartPhone How to Sync Google Services With Your Mobile Device How to sync an iPhone with two (or more) Computers How to sync with .Mac and connected devices How to synch new records between two tables ? The spelling synch presents no difficulty of pronunciation to speakers who know the origin and pronunciation of the shortened word. synchronize [(sÄ ­ngkrÉ™-nÄ «z] c.1624, to occur at the same time, from Gk. synchronizein be of the same time. However, while the spelling sync [sÄ ­ngk] preserves the sound of the first syllable of synchronize, the spelling synch suggests the pronunciation [(sÄ ­nch]. Sounds of ch The English spelling ch can represent three different sounds. The first and most common sound is the sound heard at both ends of church. The second sound represented by ch is [k]. This spelling applies to words from the Greek, words like synchronize. However, the trouble with shortening the Greek word synchronize to synch is that the overwhelming (and pattern-forming) majority of one-syllable English words ending in ch are pronounced with the first sound of ch: each, itch, beach, coach, fetch, march, mulch, peach, porch, which. etc. The pronunciation shift may have already begun What provoked this post was a spelling I noticed in a scientific article on the topic of amino acids. The writer makes the topic interesting by explaining chemical processes in popular terms. In one example he compares cells and proteins to words and letters. He postulates a game hosted by Regis Philbin (italics mine): You can rotate each wheel at will and then press a button to see if the combination that you chose is one of the one million winning combinations.  You can keep doing this until you give up.   You think that this game is a synch.   The intended word is cinch [sÄ ­nch], in the sense of â€Å"something easy to accomplish.† I rest my case. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:English Grammar 101: All You Need to Know"Gratitude" or "Gratefulness"?One "L" or Two?

Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management Essay - 4

Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that there is a significant shortage in the number of nurses around the globe. Many countries including the United States strive to deal with this problem since it’s the mandate of the respective governments to safeguard the health of its citizens. According to recent studies, the shortage is likely to worsen if responsible authorities do not take the appropriate corrective action. By 2020, estimates point that there will be a 36 % deficit in the number of nurses available to care for patients in the U.S if there are no corrective measures. The current deficit impedes the ability of the nation to handle all its medical cases and presents a cause for worry in the event of a disastrous health event. Therefore, nursing leadership and management have roles to play in correcting the current situation while also taking the future of nursing into consideration. It necessitates retaining current nurses and recruiting qualified ones to fill t he gap. There is a host of factors that cause the shortage of nurses. Some of these influences include high levels of nurse turnovers and poor nurse retention strategies, an ageing workforce, overworking of nurses poor working conditions, inadequate remuneration, shortage in the nursing faculty outputs and other better career options for women.   The strained relationship between hospital administrators, poor hospital staffing, and organization and personal reasons are the major influences causing increases in the rates of nurse turnover.

Some Like It Hot Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Some Like It Hot - Movie Review Example crime and the thought of same sex marriage would be enough to run any rumored homosexual couple out of town, that does not excuse the disrespect for the underground gay community of its time. The film made fun of a topic that is taken quite seriously in our era and I am sure that just like me, those who are aware of the need to be politically correct, gender sensitive, and same - sex friendly will also find the way that the homosexuals were treated and portrayed in the film. The cross-dressing and homosexuality in the movie is played for laughs. It made fun at the homosexuals of the time and regarded them as nothing but funny people who should not be taken seriously. I understand that the film was made during an era when homosexuality was a taboo topic and no self respecting male would ever be caught dead admitting to being a homosexual. However, I do not believe that these closeted individuals deserved to have their sexual preference ridiculed in this manner. It was insensitive and hurtful, even if the homosexuals of the era never admitted to it. This film shows us how much Hollywood and our society has changed over the decades. What our grandparents thought of as funny is now regarded as politically incorrect and gender insensitive. But it also asks us to think about how we treat the homosexuals in our own era. Perhaps we are giving them too much respect and credit where it is not really due? Think about it, this films proves that homosexuals of their era did not think much of their rights as gay people and simply lived their lives according to the unspoken code set about by society at the time. Everyone respected them and they got everything that they deserved in life. If they were doing anything illicit, people chose to pretend it did not exist because they respected the person too much to turn him into gossip fodder. Gay people of today make too many demands upon our society in terms of forcing us to accept them as a normal part of it. As the movie

The Gestalt Approach to Psychology Essay Example for Free

The Gestalt Approach to Psychology Essay Outline and explain the principles of the Gestalt approach to psychology. How does humanistic psychology differ in essence from other analyses of mental disorder, and what are its strengths and weaknesses?  Psychiatrist Frederick Fritz Perls (1893-1970) devised Gestalt therapy. The word Gestalt is of German origin, as was Perls, and means pattern or organised whole (Gross McIlveen, 1996).  In order to make sense of life events, our perceptions are organised into gestalts. Just as we cannot fully understand a family by looking solely at the individuals without regard for its operation as a whole, neither can we understand a gestalt by merely observing its constituent parts. When a gestalt is formed, there is a focus of attention against a background of everything else of potential relevance. This foreground/background (figure/ground) formation is called field theory. Whatever is of most interest at any moment becomes figure, but if something else becomes more important, figure recedes into ground and is replaced.  In field theory all aspects of an individual and their environment are interrelated so that the field forms their context. Unless we understand a persons environment, we can never fully understand them or their behaviour. As Yontef (1973) said Behaviour is a function of the field of which it is a part. Experiencing is also a function of the field of which it is a part. Each field is organised into a gestalt by the dominant need of that moment. As a personal or social need arises, a figure/ground formation develops with whatever is perceived as being able to meet the need becoming figure. The cycle of gestalt formation and destruction, of needs arising and being met, has taken several different forms. One of the earliest models was a four-phase process called the cycle of contact (Perls et al, 1973). The first phase is fore-contact where a need arises and the individual is aware that balance has been disturbed. They have either excess or a deficit of something and are driven to restore balance. At this stage, the need is figure and everything else is ground. The second phase is contact, where possibilities of meeting the need are evaluated. When out of these possibilities a means of restoring balance arises, it becomes figure and the individual assembles their resources to contact figure and overcome any obstacles that they may encounter. As the individual identifies more and more with figure, it becomes more distinguished from ground. The third phase is final contact where the individual is so engaged with figure that there is hardly any background. It is the quality of contact that determines whether or not the need is met. If contact is good and full, the need will be met and the individual will have a new and enlarged sense of self. Good contact is only possible when the individual can maintain a sense of individuality and dissimilarity from figure. Perls was quoted in a biography as having said It is the point at which I experience me in relation to whatever is not me; when I experience me as distinct from you (Clarkson Mackewn, 1993). The fourth and final phase is post contact, the experience of satisfaction if contact has been good and complete. It is at this point that growth takes place, even though the individual may not be aware of it. The gestalt closes and balance is restored; the individual is now at rest, ready for the next need to arise.  To make good contact, it is essential that figure is clear and distinguished from ground. In order to form a clear figure, a balanced quality may be divided so that one end of the continuum can be distinguished from the other. One end of the range becomes figure, and the other ground. These polarities may appear to be unrelated but are, in fact, extremes of a mid-point called zero point. When the gestalt closes and the need is met, these divisions become balanced again. If a need arises and full contact is not made, the need will remain unmet, the gestalt will be incomplete and it will continue to demand satisfaction. If the individual stays in touch with the need it can still be met healthily at a later time but if the delay becomes too long the individual will attempt to close the gestalt before the need has been appropriately met. Premature closure feels better than leaving the gestalt open, but the original need still unconsciously demands satisfaction. The result is that experience, physiology and behaviour become totally preoccupied with resolving the unfinished business. Awareness of the present situation is now hindered, making it difficult to make contact and meet current needs.

Body Image in Children and Adolescents Essay examples -- Self Esteem W

Body Image in Children and Adolescents What is body image? A two-dimensional model of body image incorporates both perceptual and emotional components. It focuses on both how we feel about the size and shape of our bodies and how accurately we perceive our body size as well. A more recent cognitive approach suggests that body image is a complex set of cognitive schema. A schema is a grouped body of knowledge. Groups of schema are readily available for important tasks such as guiding behavior, circumstantial scripts (or dialogue), and evoking the appropriate emotional, somatic, visual, and auditory responses in certain situations. The cognitive schema for body image is an organized domain of knowledge about oneself and others. Different situations evoke different schema. For example, watching a runway show or looking at a women’s magazine filled with page after page of waifs may evoke the "I’m fat" schema, while being complimented for how good your body looks in a certain dress may evoke the "I’m sexy" schema. We begin constructing schema from a young age; thus, by the time we are adults we have been through many experiences and established very elaborate schema. Such elaborate constructs are resistant to change. These schema influence our perception of the world and ourselves, our feelings, and our behaviors. Every culture around the globe stresses specific ideals for body image. In the United States and many other countries, the media plays a big role in how we view ourselves- it shows us what is "good" and what is "bad." In many ways our society infiltrates our concept of ideal body image by setting unrealistic expectations for both genders. At an early age we are instructed to pay special attention to our appearance. A... ...ertal development among male and female adolescents. Adolescence, 34(133), 69-79. Gardner, R.M., Friedman, B.N., & Jackson. (1999) Hispanic and White children’s Judgements of perceived and ideal body size in self and others. The Psychological Record, 49(4), 555-564. Wong, Y., Bennink, M.R., Wang, M., & Yamamato, S. (2000) Overconcern about thinness in 10- to 14-year old schoolgirls in Taiwan. American Dietetic Association, 100(2), 234-237. O’Dea, J. & Maloney, D. (2000) Preventing eating and body image problems in Children and adolescents using the health promoting schools framework. The Journal of School Health, 70(1), 18-21. Coller, T.G. & Neumark-Sztainer, D. (1999) Taste of food, fun, and fitness: A community-based program to teach young girls to feel better about their bodies. Journal of Nutrition and Education, 31(5), 292-293.

Simple Reasons Why Some People Can’t Write Essays

There are some students, perhaps those that you may know, that can’t seem to write essays. There are some people that will seem to have it all down to a science, while some people will not know how to complete a full blown essay of any type. You’re going to find that there are a lot of reasons why this is prevalent. If you’re looking at writing, and are having a hard time overall, you may want to look into a few reasons why some have a hard time. The following solutions will help you focus on how to get moving forward with the process of gaining the upper hand in writing essays. It’s going to focus on why some people can’t write, which will then help you correct mistakes that you may be facing off against. These are the simple reasons why some people can’t write essays, which should help you gain the upper hand. Once you know what to work on, you will be able to address those things and correct them moving forward.Ideas Don’t Come Quic kly Some people have a hard time brainstorming ideas and topics. Some don’t really know what to write about or where to even start. Even with a simple prompt, many people aren’t sure how to develop the ideas that an essay requires. In academia, there’s a lot of focused solutions that come through, and finding a way to organize the right ideas into a narrative that works is tough, to say the least. Narrowing down the options is difficult enough, but getting to a point where you’re working on one thesis statement and then creating proper annotated essay elements can become a struggle, which causes many writers to give up before they even get too far in the writing process.Many Students Don’t OutlineThe process of writing an essay should not be done by sitting down at a word processor and going forward. That’s the mistake a lot of students make, and it’s not a good thing. To master essay writing, you have to focus on outlining, and creat ing ideas that are easy to work with after the fact. Sitting down and trying to write is not going to help forward progress, it’s just too difficult to do that. Many students try to do that, but end up losing focus because they don’t have a path towards the finish line, which is why outlines matter so much.Students Don’t Like EditingA lot of students fail at working well with writing essays because there’s an editing process that many don’t like. Editing means changing things, and facing off against writing options that aren’t very good to run through. Students often assume that the writing process takes one major push, and that’s it. But that’s not true. In order to sustain the path of good academic writing, a student has to write a rough draft, then edit it down and consolidation ideas to fit the format of the prompt. In some cases, over extending the writing is not a good thing, which is why editing is so important. Students often don’t like to edit, because it feels like they are erasing the hard work that they’ve been working through.Reading Comprehension Is RoughFor some individuals, the process of reading and comprehending different view points can be difficult to manage. To the point where writing an essay can become somewhat difficult. Writing an essay is made even more difficult when you have to cite sources, and comprehend what others have done within certain academic criteria. Reading comprehension is one thing, but taking the information that one has read and then rewriting, citing it, and creating a greater push forward regarding the writing process can be a bit difficult.Length and Word Counts Are IntimidatingThere are some students that look at the prompts and word counts associated with essays and become intimidated by them. There are some essays that aren’t that long, only around 500 to 1000 words. However, there are some options that require a lot longer of a push. For instance, graduate study work could need upwards of 10,000 words, and they all need to be cited in certain style. Citations and references alone could be several pages, and that’s not including the actual essay formatting. Length and word counts can easily be intimidating when a writer finds that they have been working for hours, and may only have around 700 or 800 words. Crafting long form essays can be daunting for the novice, and for others, it could be a major hurdle that they cannot seem to overcome with relative ease.Waiting Too Long To StartThe moment that an essay is assigned, the student should chase the option to start working on it. Many students wait too long to start, and end up trying to cram all of the writing into one night. This is a mistake that many people make, and it becomes an impossible task to work out. Waiting too long to start is a bad idea because the editing process becomes difficult to manage, and it becomes even harder to work through ideas, thesis statements and more. Procrastination is the enemy of students, especially when it comes to writing essays of an academic format.Rushing Through The ProcessSome people can write a lot in a short time, but when it comes to proper formatting, and essay writing, they seem to find themselves lacking the appropriate time frame to work on the essay prompts. Rushing through the process, forgetting drafts, outlines, and editing is a part of the bigger problem as to why people can’t write proper essays and seem to have a difficult time progressing through a variety of different arenas. Writing essays is tough, but when you rush through any of the writing process, it becomes a lot more difficult to put together the appropriate structure. At the end of the day, there’s a lot of reasons why people can’t seem to write essays. The above are just some of the most common issues that people have.

Why Foreign Aid Is Hurting Africa

Benefield, Alicia February 14, 2013 INR3932-03 Paper 1 Why Foreign Aid is Hurting Africa In this article Dambisa Moyo, is arguing that money, in the form of aid given to African nations has not only trapped many of these nations in debt, but has started a cycle of corruption as well as slowed down economic growth and poverty. To solve this isuue Moyo suggests cutting off the flow of aid to these African nations. Many developed countries will gladly give aid to Africa, these countries do not give small donations they donate by the millions.This continued donation of aid has only been putting Africa further in debt. What many do not realize is that aid is not given to Africa freely, the African nations receiving aid must pay this money back plus interest. Moyo provided an example of this stating that â€Å"African countries still pay close to $20 billion in debt repayments per annum, a stark reminder that aid is not free. In order to keep the system going, debt is repaid at the expens e of African education and healthcare† (Moyo, 2009). This is what is slowing down economic growth and keeping those countries in poverty.A country can not achieve econmic growth if its workforce is not educated, an uneducated workforce means the people in the country have little to no skills. Certain skills are required to get better jobs, if the people are not being adequately educated they will be forced to remain in a state of poverty. Healthcare is alo important, and the countries keep cutting the healthcare budget. If your workforce is not healthy enough to go out and work to spark the economy you can never expect to achieve economic growth. Education and healthcare budget cuts are not the only problems Moyo discussed that are keeping African nations from developing.Other issues include corruption in the government and developed nations supplying resources for free keeping African producers out of the market. According to the African Union, an organization of African nati ons â€Å"In 2002, it was estimated that corruption was costing the continent $150 billion a year, as international donors were apparently turning a blind eye to the simple fact that aid money was inadvertently fueling graft† (Moyo, 2009). This is because the donations are being given with â€Å"no strings attached† so the funds are being used for everything except what they were meant for, development.Political elites are using these funds to finace their own expidentures as well as financing their families and home life. The other problem is countries like the U. S. Implementing programs like the U. S. Food for Peace program, which buys American food and ships it overseas to African nations. This program is not helpful, it is a hinderance to Africas economic growth. By supplying American food for free, the U. S. is putting African farmers out of business. Moyo suggests that instead of purchasing American food, they U. S. ould purchase food from the African farmers to distribute to the African nations. Done this way the African farmers are benefitting from the program and are able to compete in the market. The opinions presented in this article relate to many of the concepts we have touched on in this course; views on poverty, the development, as well as the international aid system. The article opens up stating â€Å"A month ago I visited Kiberam the larget slum in Africa† (Moyo, 2009). When we hear the word slum, we perceive a negative connotation and relate this term with a place in poverty.We can see the inequalities between developed and undeveloped nations, according to the article â€Å"a mere 2% of the country's population has access to mobile phones compared to a wireless survey that found 91% of Americans have access to cellphones (Moyo, 2009) (Forseman, 2010). This is a huge inequality African citizens are not even close to being equal to the technology avaliable to American citizens. Another concept this article discussed is development, Africa has been trying to become a developed nation for years and after receiveing billions in aid this country has yet to become a developed nation.The contry remaing in poverty is mainly because if the international aid system. This system continues to allow African nations to receive donations without the country even showing any signs of growth or development. This continuous acceptance of aid is keeping African nations in poverty. ‘ I agree with the author of this article in all of the arguments he gave on why foreign aid is hurting Africa. Developed countries are continously give large donations to the country year after year and there is no progress being made. However, I do not fault Africa for this lack of progress, they are only doing what any nation in their situation would do.They are continuously being given money and not required to put the money towards efforts to achieve economic growth, they know that the aid is not going to stop being donated so it is in their best interest to remain in a state of poverty and continue receiving aid. The countries donating to Africa are not providing the country with opportunitites to become a pro-market governnment because they are donating goods for free and taking African producers out of business. The politicians in Africa are not being closely watched and are not looking out for the social welfare of the country, but are looking out for themselves.Africa needs a more accountable government that is concerned about the people and the future of the country as well as their economy. Once these nations stop receiving aid, get better leaders, and African producers are able to tap into the market the country will be on the way to achieveing economic growth. Works Cited Foresman, C. (2010)Wireless survey: 91% of Americans use cell phones. [online] Available at: http://arstechnica. com/tech-policy/2010/03/wireless-survey-91-of-americans-have-cell-phones/ [Accessed: 15 Feb 2013]. Moyo, D. (2009) Why Foreign Aid is Hurting Africa . The Wall Street Journal, p. W1.

Carpal tunnul syndrome essays

Carpal tunnul syndrome essays Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Caused By the Use of Computers Now that we are almost into the twenty first century it is becoming clear how our world has evolved technologically. Most of the technology which we have experienced is based on or related to computers. Computers have been successful tools in making our lives much easier. unfortunately, there has been a dramatic rise of repetitive Strain Injuries in the last six years, one of which is Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. It was in the last six years that computers began to take over our communication systems, which are what we thrive on, therefore more people have been using computers and using them more consistently than seen in the past. Fortunately, Repetitive Strain Injuries (RSI) are nothing fetal, so it is highly unlikely that technology will be reversed because of them, however more technological advancement might be difficult if something is not done to treat RSI and Carpal Tunnel Syndrome. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) is a common type of RSI. CTS is a condition that effects the hands and wrists. The condition occurs by pressure being put on the median nerve where is travels to the hand through a gap called the carpal tunnel. This gap lies under the transverse carpal ligament, which is located at the front of the wrist. The median nerve is what carries sensory and motor information form the thumb and fingers to the muscles in the hand. The pressure that is placed on the median nerve is what causes the nerve damage. This causes the numbing, tingling, burning pain in the wrist, hand and fingers. Though it has been proven that repetitive stress on the hands and wrist is what leads to Carpal Tunnel Syndrome there are also other contributes to the condition. The other factors that can contribute to CTS are, pregnancy, thyroid disease, and oral contraceptives, or anything that causes fibers to swell in the tunnel area. Poor posture, when typing, puts...

Definition and Examples of Euro-English

Definition and Examples of Euro-English Euro-English is an emerging variety of the English language used by speakers in the European Union whose mother tongue is not English. Gnutzmann et al. point out that it is not clear, as yet, whether English in Europe will in the foreseeable future become a language in its own right, one that is owned by its multilingual speakers, or whether the orientation towards native-speaker language norms will continue to persist (Communicating Across Europe in  Attitudes Towards English in Europe, 2015). Observations Two foreign girlsnannies? tourists?one German, one Belgian (?), talking in English beside me on the next table, unconcerned by my drinking and my proximity. . . . These girls are the new internationalists, roving the world, speaking good but accented English to each other, a kind of flawless Euro-English: I am very bad with separation, the German girl says as she stands up to leave. No true English speaker would express the idea in this way, but it is perfectly comprehensible. (William Boyd, Notebook No. 9. The Guardian, July 17, 2004)   The Forces Shaping Euro-English [T]he evidence is accumulating that a Euro-English is growing. It is being shaped by two forces, one top-down and the other bottom-up.The top-down force comes from the rules and regulations of the European Union. There is an influential English Style Guide issued by the European Commission. This makes recommendations about how English should be written in official documents from the member states. On the whole it follows standard British English usage, but in cases where British English has alternatives, it makes decisionssuch as recommending the spelling judgment, not judgement...More important than these top-down linguistic pressures, I suspect, are the bottom-up trends which can be heard around Europe these days. Ordinary Europeans who have to use English to each other every day are voting with their mouths and developing their own preferences. . . . In sociolinguistics, the technical term for this interaction is accommodation. People who get on with each other find that their acc ents move closer together. They accommodate to each other...I dont think Euro-English exists yet, as a variety comparable to American English or Indian English or Singlish. But the seeds are there. It will take time. The new Europe is still an infant, linguistically. (David Crystal, By Hook or by Crook: A Journey in Search of English. Overlook, 2008) Characteristics of Euro-English [I]n  2012 a report found that 38% of the EU’s citizens speak [English] as a foreign language. Nearly all of those working at EU institutions in Brussels do. What would happen to English without the English? A sort of Euro-English, influenced by foreign languages, is already in use. Many Europeans use control to mean monitor because  contrà ´ler  has that meaning in French. The same goes for assist, meaning to attend (assister  in French,  asistir  in Spanish). In other cases, Euro-English is just a naive but incorrect extension of English grammatical rules: many nouns in English that don’t properly pluralise with a final s are merrily used in Euro-English, such as informations and competences. Euro-English also uses words like actor, axis or agent well beyond their narrow range in native English...It could be that whatever native-speakers might consider correct, Euro-English, second language or no, is becoming a dialect fluently spoken by a large group of people who understand each other perfectly well. Such is the case of English in India or South Africa, where a small group of native speakers is dwarfed by a far larger number of second-language speakers. One effect m ay be that this dialect would lose some of the tricky bits of English, such as the future perfect progressive (We will have been working) that aren’t strictly necessary. (Johnson, English Becomes Esperanto. The Economist, April 23, 2016) Euro-English as a Lingua Franca - Tramp . . . could be the first English-language glossy magazine aimed at people who speak Euro-English as a second language. (Social Vacuum. The Sunday Times, April 22, 2007)- In the case of English in Europe, there seems little doubt that it will continue to increase its position as the dominant lingua franca. Whether this will result in varieties of European Englishes, or in a single variety of Euro-English being used as a lingua franca can only be determined by further research. The extent to which it is stifling (Gà ¶rlach, 2002:1) other European languages by steadily encroaching on more and more domains also needs to be researched, as do European attitudes toward English, especially the attitudes of the young. (Andy Kirkpatrick, World Englishes: Implications for International Communication and English Language Teaching. Cambridge University Press, 2007) Further Reading AmericanizationDenglish (Denglisch)Global EnglishGlobishNotes on English as a Global LanguageWorld English

Legalization of Prostitution Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Legalization of Prostitution - Research Paper Example According to these two definitions, it clear that financial gain is the result of offering or providing sex. A prostitute, therefore, is a person who offers or provides sex in exchange for financial gain. History of prostitution Prostitution is considered one of the world’s oldest professions going back to ancient times and civilizations. It traces its origins back to the Sumerians of Mesopotamia and their religious practices. This is from the practice that involved the king having sexual relations with the high priestess in order to secure the fertility of the earth in the process that brings people into being (Fanni, 2012, para. 2). The practice has continued over time and even has an account in the bible, in the book of Genesis. In ancient Greece, women were bought as slaves and taken to sex schools to learn how to provide revenue by selling sex (Fanni, 2012, para. 10). With these beginnings, it has been in existence with every civilization including slavery in Africa where kings owned women as slaves and sheltered them. To sustain themselves, they were expected to offer themselves sexually to men to receive gifts. In addition, .in Greek civilization, prostitutes went as far as to gain elite social status as a result of education and skill in their trade. Prostitution became a practice put into question with the rise of the Catholic Church in Europe, and its regard that all sexual practices outside marriage were sinful. As a result of the spread of Catholicism, prostitution became an offense that one could be prosecuted and punished for. Legalization of prostitution Prostitution in most parts of the world is an illegal practice and punishable by law. Legislative measures have been put in place to curb the vice that is practiced widely all over the world. In my opinion, prostitution has two sides to it, as to why it should, and should not be legalized. These points are highly controversial and of attract a lot of public attention, debate and opinion. E conomic activities Prostitution should be legalized as it benefits the women involved in the trade as well as the countries involved. In regard to this, prostitution is taken as an economic development project that can generate revenue to be used in the countries. The key idea in this development is to work towards sustainable prostitution under the notion that sex is a human need and that sexual needs must be met. Therefore, as a way to cater for the sexual needs of the human populations, there is a need to influence prostitution, which is here to stay, into a beneficial venture with more responsibility and accountability. Legalization of prostitution; and its use as an economic venture can be engaged by poor and marginalized women so as to earn a living (Raymond 2004, p. 1162). The results of the above argument have already manifested themselves in Australia. In Australia, where prostitution is legal, revenue collected in a span of one week is up to 7 million dollars. These revenu es are only from the state of Victoria, and only 60,000 men take part in the practice (Raymond 2004, p. 1162). If the revenue from then entire country were calculated, it would mean that it is a profitable venture. In addition, it is providing more employment opportunities to those with additional training on how to deal with persons with disabilities. For example, in Australia, some of those who are actively